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【转载】GRUB 2使用简介

06/27 2007, 星期三 16:00

GRUB 2使用简介
by bean@sysoft

Grub 2 是新一代的Grub，它实现了一些Grub中所没有的功能：

1、模块化设计
不同于Grub的单一内核结构，Grub 2 的功能分布在很多的小模块中，并且能在运行时动态装载和卸除。

2、支持多体系结构
Grub 2可支持PC(i386), MAC(powerpc)等不同的体系机构，而且支持最新的EFI架构。

3、国际化的支持
Grub 2 可以支持非英语的语言。

4、内存管理
Grub 2 有真正的内存管理系统。

5、脚本语言
Grub 2 可以支持脚本语言，例如条件，循环，变量，函数等。
当然，Grub 2正处在开发阶段，因此以上的某些功能可能现阶段还不是很完善。

GRUB 2使用简介
by bean@sysoft

Grub 2 是新一代的Grub，它实现了一些Grub中所没有的功能：

1、模块化设计

不同于Grub的单一内核结构，Grub 2 的功能分布在很多的小模块中，并且能在运行时动态装载和卸除。

2、支持多体系结构

Grub 2可支持PC(i386), MAC(powerpc)等不同的体系机构，而且支持最新的EFI架构。

3、国际化的支持

Grub 2 可以支持非英语的语言。

4、内存管理

Grub 2 有真正的内存管理系统。

5、脚本语言

Grub 2 可以支持脚本语言，例如条件，循环，变量，函数等。
当然，Grub 2正处在开发阶段，因此以上的某些功能可能现阶段还不是很完善。

安装和使用

Grub 2的内核是符合multiboot标准的，因此可以在Grub中引导。

1、下载
http://grub4dos.sourceforge.net/grub2.zip
解压到某个FAT分区的根目录，会生成/boot/grub目录，Grub 2的文件便在该目录下。

2、修改
/boot/grub/grub.cfg
这是Grub 2的配置文件，它的格式不同于menu.lst，以下是一个例子：

set timeout=20
set default=0

menuentry "Chainload First Part" {
set root=(hd0,1)
chainloader +1
}

menuentry "Load Linux at Second Part" {
set root=(hd0,2)
linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2
initrd /initrd
}

如果你熟悉Grub，应该可以看明白里面的内容。要注意的是:
a、timeout, default等参数用变量来储存
d、菜单项由menuentry定义
c、第1个分区是(hd0,1)而不是(hd0,0)
d、当前支持的启动方式是chainload,linux和multiboot

3、在Grub中使用以下的命令进入Grub2
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/grub/core.img
boot

(hd0,0)请用存放Grub2的分区的名字来代替

4、进入Grub 2后，在菜单界面下输入 c 便可进入控制界面。

基本命令：

lsmod
列表当前装载的模块

insmod mod_name
装载模块

rmmod mod_name
卸除模块

help [command]
显示帮助

ls [options] [dir]
列表目录。当不带参数时，显示的是所有的硬盘设备，带参数时，显示的是目录里的子目录和文件。

还有很多其它的命令，全部命令的列表在/boot/grub/command.lst里:
boot cat chainloader cmp . configfile export font halt hello help initrd
lsmod linux loopback ls lsmod module multiboot play reboot rescue rmmod
search set source terminal terminfo [ unset vbeinfo vbetest videotest

可以用help来看具体的用法

注意：

a、很大一部分命令都在模块里，如果输入时显示找不到命令，只需要用insmod 装载相应的模块就可以了。

b、你可以定制内核，使所需的命令包在其中。

从代码中编译：

1、用cvs取得源代码
cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/grub co grub2

2、当前的Grub2代码中有一个bug，使得启动后不会显示grub.cfg中的菜单，我写了一个补丁，在：
http://grub4dos.sourceforge.net/grub2-menu.diff
要使用该补丁，请进入grub2的目录，然后：
patch -p1 < grub2-menu.diff
这里假设grub2-menu.diff放在grub2目录下

3、./configure
然后
./make

4、定制内核

./grub-mkimage -d . -v -o core.img fat pc

core.img是内核的名字，fat和pc是加入内核的模块。常用模块有：

fat: 支持 fat 文件系统
ext2: 支持 ext2 文件系统
pc: 支持主分区和扩展分区
help: help命令
ls: ls命令

除了当前分区的文件系统的模块外，其它的都可以用insmod在进入grub2后才转载

5、把core.img, boot.img, diskboot.img, *.mod, fs.lst, command.lst
抄到某一分区的 /boot/grub目录下，然后编写配置文件grub.cfg

grub 阅读评论 (8) 固定链接引用通告 (0)

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